作者：程庆栋
来源：《北京社会科学》2021年第2期（第75-86页）
作者简介：
程庆栋,厦门大学法学院助理教授、硕士生导师。
摘要：备案审查工作面临的新形势客观上要求明确审查决定的法律效力。实务界以"双轨制"的方式在发展完善审查决定的法律效力,应当予以关注和理论化。科学地构建我国的审查决定效力制度,需要妥善处理审查方式与审查决定法律效力的关系、审查主体的资格与审查决定法律效力的关系、维护法的安定性与保护个人权利的关系。全国人大专门委员会、全国人大常委会法工委通过协商实现的审查,仅具有柔性的约束力;全国人大常委会通过强制实现的审查,才具有刚性的约束力。审查决定的法律效力应当以不具有溯及力为原则,具有溯及力为例外。
关键词：全国人大常委会；备案审查；审查决定；法律效力
Abstract：New circumstances of the review of regulations objectively require that the legal effect of the review decision should be clarified. The practical circles develop and improve the legal effect of the review decision in a “dual-track system”, which should be noticed and theorized. To scientifically construct the legal effect system of review decisions in China, we should deal with the relation between the review method and legal effect of review decisions, the relation between the qualification of the review body and legal effect of review decisions, the relation between maintaining the stability of law and safeguarding citizens' rights. The review implemented by the special committee and the working office through consultation is flexible and binding; the review implemented by the Standing Committee of NPC through mandatary is rigid and binding. The legal effect of the review decision is not retroactive in principle, but in exceptional circumstances.
Keyword：standing committee of NPC; filing-review system; review decisions; legal effect
